喉嚨結核延診 或潰爛長腫瘤
20多歲任服務業的盧小姐,去年初突然聲變沙啞及喉部感痛楚,2周後開始咳血,2個月後更出現呼吸困難,最終確診喉嚨結核感染。
盧小姐多次求診家庭醫生,每次只獲發消炎藥,直至呼吸困難才被轉介。因延誤求診,阻慢聲帶復元,需接受言語治療。
耳鼻喉科專科醫生林建業指,喉嚨結核感染初期病徵不明顯,包括聲音較平時沙啞、冒冷汗、食慾不振、體重下降,然後會感到吞嚥困難或痛楚;不過,病徵與傷風、感冒等相似,故大部分病人都沒有即時求醫。
罹患2周咳血 應即求診
林續說,病人罹患約2至3周後會出現咳血,應即時求診,病人只需服用抗結核菌藥物9個月。但若不及早醫治,喉嚨會開始潰爛,嚴重可致發聲困難,受感染位置會慢慢長出腫瘤,阻礙呼吸,再不處理更可致命。他又提醒,喉嚨結核病可經飛沫傳播,潛伏期由數周至數年不等,除了病人需隔離治療,家人及曾與病人相處過的人都需檢查有否被傳染。
喉嚨結核感染通常是肺部先感染結核病,咳嗽時經痰涎感染喉嚨及聲帶。患者不分年齡,最年輕僅20多歲。08年本港約有5,700名結核病個案,當中約有8至10人是喉嚨結核感染。
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